Three Hours Full Moon Frog Melodies; Pig, Green Tree and Southern Cricket Frogs

Why do I love listening to frog calls?  Well, the answers to that question have their origins way back into the lives of my prehistoric ancestors; long, long ago.

Three Hours Full Moon Pig, Green Tree and Cricket Frog Melodies

Today, as a deep forest and swamp audio recordist I have collected hundreds of hours of frog call recordings. 

There are recordings of almost every frog known to live here in the Florida wilds in my sound library.  Some of my favorite local frogs and their calls are; pig frogs, green tree frogs, leopard frogs, bullfrogs and many more.  

One of my all time favorite frog calls comes from the Southern cricket frog, Acris gryllus.

The click-click-click calls of Southern cricket frog choruses remind me of my childhood, having grown up in Hialeah on the fringes of the frog filled Everglades.

However when I look at just why frogs and I 'click' together I see many more reasons than just familia nostalgia.

Anatomically speaking, humans and frogs share similar designs in middle and inner ear structure. Frogs though, instead of having an outer ear like humans, have a tympanum, an outer membrane covering that acts like an exterior ear drum.  This specialized audio adaptation allows frogs to hear very low frequency vibrations; vibrations I refer to as earth whispers.

With their highly developed hearing ability frogs can detect even the faintest noise an approaching predator makes.  Over the eons our ancestors came to rely on listening to nighttime frog calls for signals that all was safe and well around the camp.  When the frog choruses would suddenly go silent, well then it was time to be on the lookout for whatever was stirring in the surrounding bush.

As long as frogs were calling from the forests around the camp our ancestors could be safely assume the area was free from danger.  They could then sleep well knowing all was clear.  From an evolutionary perspective, frog call cues have in their own way truly shaped human behavior traits.

Additionally, frog calls also usually indicate the presence of nearby water and a well developed ecosystem, habitat traits our ancestors would have sought out.

I am convinced that over deep time our human brains began to subtly associate night frog calls with the idea of a safe space to sleep and that is one of the reasons I like listening to frog call audio at night.

But not only do frog calls provide me with a sense of relaxation, they also are rich in music rhythm, key, tone and meter.

The rhythmic and repetitive nature of frog calls usually provide me with a sense of calm and relaxation. Science has shown that natural sounds can lower levels of cortisol and other stress hormones and also slow heart rate. This soothing effect can help us feel more connected to the natural world, fulfilling much of our nature connect need that can't be fulfilled in the city.

On a pure biological level, frog calls are refined vocal attempts to attract females.  Females respond best to the most beautiful calls/songs.  As such, I find that different frog species calling together create amazing nighttime musical symphonies of brilliantly composed vocalizations; soothing music to relax by, full of healing vibrations, tapping frequencies; amazing audio creations.

Moreover, most frog choruses are not only designed to attract mates but to also confuse predators.  An alpha male frog usually leads the group chorus where he is followed by other frogs in different locations around the pond who then call out in a delayed or offset rhythm.  The time lag between calls of the lead frog and others is barely perceptible to human ears but to predators like birds and reptiles the offset vocalization rhythm interferes with the predators ability to assess the location of the calling frogs.

This group defense strategy is referred to by biologists as the 'precedence effect'.  The precedence effect is similar in concept to the double strands of electric fences farmers install around their crops to confuse deer. 

Frog calls can also gently engage our involuntary attention without demanding much cognitive effort. This helps our directed attention—which we use for most cognitive tasks—to relax, allowing for mental restoration. After an afternoon of hectic farm work here, frog background 'music' really does help me refocus from the outdoor problem solving analyses to focus on blogging, writing, doing research or even doing my qigong exercises.

Finally, advertisements (calls) are just a small part of the human/frog relationship.  Xenobots, medicines, infrasounds, frog based cultural practices and understandings of broad ecological concepts are topics for further frog posts.  Today however, simply listening to frog calls offers us humans so much.  We just need to take the time to listen and pay attention.

The above Soundcloud link will take you to a three hour frog call audio clip I recently recorded in the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge.  The recording is primarily of green tree frogs, pig frogs, Southern cricket frogs, Southern field crickets, mole crickets, cicada and other wildlife.

I love this audio clip for it's extreme chill genre and have been listening to the recorded calls most nights lately.

Hope you enjoy and benefit from the frog calls as much as I do.

Self Care, Skin Care, Lemon Water, Qigong and Survivor Life

 More self care time well spent. Its Saturday and there are so many chores to catch up on!!!!

Fresh lemons, squeezer & water bottle; drink for the morning

Yes, I am going to take the time to self massage my arms with jojoba oil and zinc oxide sun block. Yes, I am going to squeeze a fresh lemon and make a jug of sippin lemon water for the morning.

Jojoba oil and zinc oxide sun block for arms

In addition to the arm care and lemon water I've already participated in my morning Qigong Bare Awareness meditation and am about to work on a qigong Dantian flow!

Like one of my doctors tells me, 'Kevin, your number one goal is to stay alive as healthy as possible'!!!!

The chores can wait. Loving my body!

American Alligator Vocalizations, Mother and Hatchlings, SMNWR

 Three minutes of early morning female mother alligator vocalization with her juveniles in a shallow primarily freshwater depression type pond near Ring Dike and Cedar Creek east of Stoney Bayou Pool in the St Marks National Wildlife Refuge. 

St Marks National Wildlife Refuge, Alligator Vocalizations, May 2023

May 2023. Sony PCM M10 recorder, Clippy EM272Z1 stereo microphones, windbubbles & drybags. One way I differentiate between male and female adult alligator bellows, besides seeing the alligator, is through spectrogram analysis. Male bellows tend to have more infrasound (usually 16 to 20Hz) components to their bellow than females. I know this gator was a mother because of her interactions with the hatchlings. Carolina wren and Eastern Wood-Pewee calls can be heard in the background as well as Southern Cricket frogs and Green Tree Frogs.

Healing: Receiving Serious Health Diagnoses, Anger & Bargaining Responses

 Today we are briefly discussing the anger and bargaining phases of the grief model outlined by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. 

Receiving Serious Health Diagnoses

When a person receives a cancer or aortic dissection or aneurysm diagnosis, after the initial shock and denial phase, they may experience the anger and bargaining phases. These stages are characterized by anger directed at various sources, manifesting in numerous ways and also often an attempt to negotiate, usually with a higher power, in a desperate hope to reverse or lessen the reality of their situation.

During the anger phase, it is crucial for the individual with the diagnoses and their loved ones to understand that this reaction is a normal part of the shock and grieving process. As we mentioned in the previous post, mental health professionals can provide essential support during this time, helping the individual express their anger in healthy ways and explore the feelings underlying their anger.

Some of the ways anger may be expressed by persons diagnosed with aortic dissection and/or cancer can include:

Anger at the Unfairness: After the reality of the diagnosis sets in, it is common for individuals to feel a deep sense of injustice. They may question, "Why me? Why now?" This anger can stem from the perceived randomness and unfairness of their situation, especially if they have been living a healthy lifestyle or are young with many unfulfilled plans. I personally have asked the ‘why me’ question time and time again.  This reaction is normal and I now acknowledge these feelings as valid when I begin to dwell on the ‘why me’ questions.

Anger at Physicians and Health Care Providers: Some people may feel anger towards their physicians or healthcare providers. This can result from frustration with perceived delays in diagnosis, dissatisfaction with the course of treatment, or simply as a transference of their fear and helplessness.  I personally am so over directing anger at my doctors.  After years of dealing with both my diagnoses and my doctors I am frankly just tired of blaming anyone, including my attending health care professionals. However for others, blaming doctors is a recognized emotional response.

Anger at God or a Higher Power: For those with spiritual or religious beliefs, anger may be directed towards God or a higher power. Individuals may feel abandoned or punished and may struggle with their faith during this challenging time.  I've been there done that with this type of anger.  Today my world view has more of a Daoist flavor so there aren’t really any ‘Gods’ or ‘Personal Higher Powers’ that could even hear me.  But for those with beliefs in a higher power, this avenue of blame is normal.

Anger at Oneself: There can be feelings of self-blame, especially if the individual believes their lifestyle choices may have contributed to their illness. They may also feel frustration at their body for "betraying" them.  Today, after many years, I’ve learned to love myself for whom I am, dissection and cancer and all.

Anger at Family and Friends: It's also common for individuals with a terminal illness to experience anger towards their family and friends. This can stem from a perception of being treated differently or from frustration over others' inability to fully understand their experience.  Caregivers, family and friends have it as hard as us, IMHO, in dealing with those of us that were diagnosed with these serious illnesses.

It's important for loved ones and caregivers to practice patience and empathy, avoiding taking any anger personally. Encouraging communication and providing a safe space for the individual to express their feelings can be beneficial. Over time, as individuals processes their anger, they may move towards the other stages of grief, such as the other phase we are going to briefly discuss here, the bargaining phase.

As for the bargaining behavior often experienced, here are some ways bargaining behavior may present:

Negotiations with a Higher Power: A person may seek to make a deal with God or a higher power, promising to live a better life, devote themselves to service, or make other significant changes in exchange for a cure or more time. 

Regret and Remorse: The individual may spend a lot of time thinking about what they could have done differently to prevent their illness. They may regret past lifestyle choices or not taking symptoms seriously earlier. This period is often characterized by guilt and self-blame.

Revisiting Past Choices: The person may start obsessively considering different scenarios in which their illness could have been prevented. They might think about what could have happened if they had made different decisions about their health, diet, or medical treatment.

Seeking Alternative Treatments: In their desperation to find a cure, the person might start exploring alternative treatments and remedies, often in cases where conventional medicine has provided no solution or hope.

It's important to note that, like all the stages of grief, both the anger and bargaining stages are not experienced by everyone, and can occur in any order. Additionally, these stages are not rigid categories, but rather part of a framework to help us understand the typical emotional process involved in dealing with terminal illness.

It's also crucial to approach a person in the anger and bargaining stages with empathy and patience. Many of us are grappling with the harsh reality of our imminent mortality and are seeking to exert some control over our situation. Mental health professionals can provide invaluable support during this stage, helping us process our emotions and gradually move towards acceptance of our diagnoses.  Like my mother used to say, “after ten years its not the first thing we think of when we wake in the morning”.

I’ve found that dealing with these serious medical diagnoses is a journey, one that has many twists and turns.  For me, acceptance of my diagnoses took time.  Today my understanding of the grief processes has led me to appreciate each and every breath and moment.  Next post we will discuss the last two remaining phases of diagnosis grief; depression and finally acceptance.  Many blessings as always, Kevin.

Healing: Receiving Serious Health Diagnoses & Survivorship

 When diagnosed with a life-threatening illness, such as cancer or as in many of our cases an aortic rupture or dissection, we may often experience a range of emotions and psychological responses. 

Me wearing a wound vac and chillin after my second open chest aortic procedure

The response to such life impacting news can be likened to grief, as we grapple with the loss of our former "perceived as OK" health status and we begin to confront own own mortality. The processes we encounter often mirror the five stages of grief and loss initially outlined by psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her book “On Death and Dying”.  If you've never read this book you should.

Here's a brief look at these stages as applied to any diagnosis of a significant medical condition or illness but especially written here for aortic dissection/aneurysm or and/or cancer survivors as these challenges are two I am personally familiar with:

1. Denial: This is often our first reaction. We may not accept the diagnosis or may think there has been some mistake in the test results. Denial serves as a psychological defense mechanism that helps us cope with the initial shock of diagnosis.
2. Anger: As the reality of the situation sets in, we may feel anger and resentment. This can be directed toward ourselves, our doctors, loved ones, or even a higher power. I kept asking myself, "Why me?"
3. Bargaining: This stage involves negotiating or pleading with a higher power, doctors, or even oneself. We may seek to make lifestyle changes, try alternative treatments, or adopt healthy habits in the hope of reversing the disease.
4. Depression: This stage is characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair. We may become overwhelmed by the potential implications of our disease, including pain, disability, and especially the prospect of our untimely death.
5. Acceptance: Over time, we may reach a stage of acceptance. We acknowledge the reality of our situation and may start to make plans for our future care or end-of-life arrangements. This stage is not about being okay with the cancer or aortic dissection but rather about acknowledging our physical and mental challenges and working with our diseases rather than fighting against them.

These above stages are not linear and we may cycle through them multiple times, even experiencing more than one stage simultaneously. Importantly, not everyone will experience all stages, or in this order.

Receiving support from mental health professionals, such as psychologists or counselors, can be vital during this time. Health care professionals can provide strategies to cope with our trauma and emotions associated with our diagnoses. Additionally, joining support groups, either in-person or online, can also be beneficial, providing a platform to share experiences and feelings with those who are going through a similar situation.  Facebook support groups have been a tremendous help for me and I know for many others.  I've also met some awesome people in these support groups who inspire me and give me hope.

It's also important to note that our journey with our challenging illnesses is unique, and there's no 'right' way to react or cope. The primary goal is to find ways of managing the illness and maintaining quality of life that work best for us.

As discussed above, one of the initial stages we may encounter is denial.  Denial serves as a psychological defense mechanism that buffers the immediate shock of our diagnoses. It is a normal and in some ways, a healthy initial response, as it allows us some time to adjust emotionally to the diagnoses and to gather strength for our journey ahead.

I've personally found that denial can manifest in various ways and progress through several stages, including:

1. Shock and Disbelief: This is the immediate reaction to our diagnoses. We may feel numb, and there's often a sense of disbelief, as if what we've just heard can't be possible. We might think, "This can't be happening to me."
2. Dismissal of Diagnosis or Prognosis: We may question the competence of the medical professionals involved or insist on multiple retests, seeking a different opinion in the hope that the initial diagnosis was mistaken. We may also downplay the seriousness of the disease or believe that we will be the exception to the prognosis. This was especially true for me.  I spent so many hours on the internet researching how I would be spontaneously healed of my extensive aortic dissection.
3. Avoidance: In this stage, we might avoid medical appointments, refuse treatments, or avoid talking about the disease with friends and family. We might keep ourselves extremely busy so as to not have the time to confront the reality of our condition.  Again, I see a period of time where I did everything possible to try and get my doctors to allow me to stop taking the meds I was prescribed, including anticoagulants, beta blockers, statins, aspirin and others.  I was convinced that if I was not taking these prescriptions then I’d wouldn’t necessarily be sick.
4. Rationalization: We may also try to find explanations that could discredit our dissection or cancer diagnosis. For instance, we might attribute our symptoms to less serious conditions or to factors like stress or fatigue. We may also overemphasize stories of misdiagnosis we’ve heard or read about.  I too, to an extent was guilty of thinking my doctors may not have really known what they were seeing on the CT scans.  Ditto me on that.

While denial can serve us as a protective function initially, prolonged denial can be harmful.  Unreasonably prolonged denial can delay necessary treatment and prevent us from taking steps to manage our condition effectively.  For a caregiver, friend or medical professional it’s important to approach those of us in denial with frankness and truth but also with empathy and understanding, providing us with emotional support while also encouraging us to face the reality of our dissection or cancer.

Professional help from a psychologist, counselor, or a psychiatrist can be very helpful during our denial phase. Mental health professionals can use various therapeutic techniques to guide us gently towards acceptance of our conditions, providing us with the psychological tools needed to handle our diagnosis and the implications. As we mentioned above support groups can also be beneficial, as they allow us to interact with others who are facing similar challenges.

Both cancer and aortic dissection have been a challenge for me.  Its been well over a decade since my ascending aortic repair and I’m still living with a  complex descending dissection. It’s been seven years since my melanoma surgery, fifteen years since most of my large colon was removed and three years since half of my kidney was ablated for renal cell carcinoma. During these times I’ve experienced denial on a regular basis. Today, with the help of family and health care professionals I find myself able to recognize the stages Mrs. Ross describes in her book On Death and Dying.  Living with serious health challenges is just that, a huge challenge.  Kudos to us survivors.  Next blog post I’ll be discussing the second dimension of dealing with this type of trauma, the Anger phase.

Many blessings, Kevin

IPM: Whitewashed Hemp Leaf Appearance, Classic Glassy Winged Sharpshooter Damage

This is a photograph of one of our more aggressive pest insects here at Arendell Hill Nursery, commonly known as a Glassy Winged Sharpshooter, (Homalodisca vitripennis).

Glassy Winged Sharpshooter on the stem of one of our hemp plants

When we first began growing hemp I would sometimes mistake the whitewashed appearance of hemp leaves as white mold. However what we learned was that the leaves' white coating was actually defecation material from the glassy winged sharpshooters.

Glassy Winged Sharpshooter 'Whitewash' on one of our hemp plant leaflet

Glassy winged sharpshooters require copious amounts of liquid to grow and reproduce. Much of this liquid is excreted out in the form of a white paste, hence the whitewash effect across our hemp leaves.

Across Florida and throughout much of North America, the glassy-winged sharpshooter is a serious agricultural pest known for its potential to spread bacterial diseases to a variety of plants, including agricultural hemp. It feeds on a wide range of host plants and can spread the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of diseases such as Pierce's disease in grapes and leaf scorch in a variety of other plants.

The glassy-winged sharpshooter, like other members of the leafhopper family, has specialized mouthparts adapted for piercing plant tissues and sucking out fluids. These mouthparts, known as stylets, function much like a straw. However, unlike a typical straw, the process involves more than just applying suction.

When feeding, the sharpshooter pushes its stylets into the plant tissues, navigating past cells until it reaches the plant's xylem - the system of tiny tubes that transport water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. Xylem fluid is under negative pressure, or tension, due to the process of transpiration (water evaporation) at the plant's leaves.

Once the sharpshooter's stylets are in the xylem vessels, the tension within these vessels causes the fluid to move into and up the insect's food canal (formed by its stylets), similar to how water will rise in a thin tube or straw. Thus, the sharpshooter doesn't need to actively suck up the fluid. In fact, the sharpshooter has to work to prevent the xylem fluid from flooding its alimentary canal and has a special filter chamber to help manage the volume and pressure of the ingested fluid.

It's worth noting that feeding on xylem fluid presents nutritional challenges, as this fluid is low in nutrients compared to the sugary sap in the plant's phloem (which many other sucking insects, like aphids, prefer). Sharpshooters have adapted to this diet in part through symbiotic relationships with bacteria that help them metabolize and extract nutrients from their food.

When it feeds, it can also introduce the Xylella fastidiosa bacterium into the plant, leading to blockages that can cause leaf scorch, wilting, and even death of the plant. Glassy winged sharpshooters also may be a host for Xylella fastidiosa, another significant plant pathogen.

As for the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, here are some strategies that could be used:

Monitoring: Regular inspections of the hemp fields to catch any sharpshooter infestations early before they become a significant problem.

Biological control: There are several natural predators and parasites of the glassy-winged sharpshooter that could potentially be used for control. For instance, egg parasitoid wasps, such as Gonatocerus spp., lay their eggs inside the eggs of the sharpshooter, preventing them from hatching.

Cultural control: Changing farming practices to make the environment less conducive to the sharpshooter. This could include altering irrigation practices (since sharpshooters are attracted to water), removing potential host plants around the hemp field, or adjusting the timing of planting and harvesting to avoid peak sharpshooter activity.

Chemical control: If necessary, organic-approved insecticides could be used to control sharpshooter populations. These should be used judiciously to avoid killing beneficial insects and to prevent the development of resistance in the sharpshooter population.

As always, the specific IPM strategies used would need to be tailored to the individual farm and its unique conditions. Always consider local laws and regulations when implementing pest management strategies.

IPM: Growing Hemp on the Green Roof Panels Has Proven Successful

It is time to install this year's FAMU Pilot Project Florida x Hepius variety of hemp plants.

Shallow, extensive green roof panels ready for x Hepius hemp plants

Last year the x Hepius thrived in the shallow planting trays. Rainfall and irrigation water are collected and recycled. We use a special, non-organic planting medium designed by the University of Central Florida's engineering department. Organic nutrients are mixed with irrigation water and delivered via drip irrigation.

Growing hemp on the green roof panels last year proved to be a successful experiment. The x Hepius variety growing in the green roof panels were shorter and exhibited a significantly more compact growth habit than the x Hepius plants growing in the ground level garden soil.

One huge advantage of growing hemp on a roof is that there are significantly fewer caterpillars and other pest insects who crawl up the support walls to reach the hemp. Additionally, any aggressive bugs that make it up to the roof are prime targets for hungry birds.

The x Hepius variety produces significant amounts of aromatic terpenes on flower buds without any detectable level of THC. Last year I noticed the living roof x Hepius plants filled the garden air with a complex scent of citrus and spice.

I prefer shallow green roof systems because I prefer creating shallow but wide root architecture patterns so that our Florida hemp plants can better survive tropical storm wind patterns. Shallow root architecture is not necessarily better than deep, intensive planting systems but they are my preference having worked with coastal and hurricane resilient green roofs over the decades.

As mentioned above, not all green roof systems are shallow such as these.

Green roof systems can be classified based on their depth into extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive systems. Shallow or extensive green roofs, often referred to as "eco-roofs," are the simplest and lightest type. They are typically used on residential, commercial, and small-scale buildings for their ease of implementation and maintenance. Here are some key points to understand about shallow green roof systems:

1. Depth and Weight: Extensive green roofs have a shallow growing medium, typically ranging from 1/2 to 6 inches in depth. The shallow depth makes them relatively lightweight, adding approximately 15-50 pounds per square foot, including plants and saturated growing medium. This makes them suitable for a variety of building structures without requiring significant structural reinforcement.

2. Plant Selection: Due to the shallow depth, the types of plants used in extensive green roofs are those that are drought-tolerant, wind-resistant, and can thrive in shallow soil. These often include succulents (like sedums), herbs, grasses, and some types of wildflowers.

3. Water and Nutrient Requirements: The plants used in shallow green roof systems are typically adapted to harsh conditions and require minimal irrigation and nutrients. This is ideal for conserving water resources and reducing maintenance requirements.

4. Installation and Maintenance: Extensive green roofs are typically easier and less expensive to install compared to their intensive counterparts. They also require minimal maintenance, primarily in the form of periodic weeding and checks to ensure the roof's waterproof membrane is intact.

5. Environmental Benefits: Like all green roofs, shallow systems provide many environmental benefits. They can help reduce the heat island effect, improve air quality, manage stormwater runoff, provide habitat for wildlife, and enhance a building's thermal performance, potentially saving on heating and cooling costs.

6. Aesthetic Value: Extensive green roofs can improve the visual appeal of a building, providing a lush, green space in urban environments that are often dominated by concrete and other hard surfaces.

Despite their many benefits, extensive green roofs aren't suitable for all situations. They require a waterproof and root-resistant roof membrane to protect the building, and while their maintenance needs are relatively low, they still require some care to stay healthy and attractive. Lastly, not all plant species will thrive in the shallow growing medium, limiting the plant diversity compared to intensive green roofs.

IPM: Parasitoid Wasps Are Important Members of Our Hemp Integrated Pest Management Program

 Parasitic wasps can be highly effective in the biological control of pests like armyworms, an approach that aligns with the principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

Armyworm crawling across one of our hemp plants

Its that time of year again here on the Arendell Hill Hemp and Veggie Farm and we are seeing hungry armyworms crawling over our crops.

We do not use industrial pesticides to control insects. Instead we employ Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques such as planting lure/trap plants & also planting host plants for beneficial insects such as parasitoid wasps.

There are different species of these wasps, and they each have their unique behaviors, but all work towards the common goal of pest control.

Parasitoid wasp laying eggs in a caterpillar

Parasitic wasps do not directly attack or consume the pests. Instead, they lay their eggs inside or on the body of the armyworms. When the wasp larvae hatch, they begin to feed on the host worm, ultimately leading to its death. This is a gradual process, and the host pest continues to live for some time even after the wasp eggs have been laid.

Two well-known types of these wasps are braconid wasps and ichneumonid wasps. Braconid wasps are generally smaller and often lay their eggs inside their hosts. Ichneumonid wasps, on the other hand, are larger and usually deposit their eggs on the host's exterior.

Parasitoid wasp larvae eat pest insects

Importantly, these wasps target a variety of pests beyond armyworms, such as caterpillars, aphids, and other insect larvae. This makes them incredibly beneficial for maintaining balance in garden ecosystems.

By encouraging the presence of parasitic wasps in your garden, you can help keep armyworm populations under control. This can be achieved by planting a variety of native flowering plants (my favorite is a native mint, Monarda punctata) that provide nectar for adult wasps, or by avoiding broad-spectrum insecticides that can harm these beneficial insects along with the pests.

This approach not only helps manage pests in a way that's safe for the environment but also fosters a balanced and biodiverse ecosystem in your garden.

Let's hear it for the parasitoid wasps in our hemp garden here in Tallahassee!