Friday, May 10, 2013

Marfan Syndrome Issues - Descending Dissection Issues

One of the reasons I started blogging about Aortic Dissections and Marfan Sydrome was to share what I've learned and experienced.  Today I wanted to mention about how my right foot is growing while my left foot is staying the same size it always has been.

Marfan Syndrome, Aortic Dissection extends all the way down my descending aorta into my right foot

There have been many times I never knew what was happening to me after the dissection and through out the healing phase.  Even today, I've barely the energy to get through the day, though I make myself by taking baby steps, literally, with each task I am confronted with.  With all my medications, my metabolism and heart rate are so slow most mornings it seems almost overwhelming to even get dressed for the day, much less figure out what new daily challenge was occurring with my body.

Not having answers was so frustrating at first.  Yet over time I came across resources and self-help groups.  So this blog hopefully can serve to help others facing an aortic dissection aftermath or living with Marfan Syndrome, either themselves or someone close, such as a child or loved one.  Both of our teens already have aortas showing signs of dilation.  So come back to the blog often and I'll try and  begin posting frequently about the many issues this connective tissue disorder presents.

But getting back to today's topic, I have come to learn I cannot be surprised too much at what happens to the body when dealing with Marfan Syndrome.  When my aorta dissected, the injury extended down through my abdomen into my renal arteries and down into my right iliac artery all the way to my foot.  Over half of the inside arterial diameter, or lumen diameter, is made up of a dead end false channel. 

Theoretically, the blood flow down through my right leg into my foot should be accordingly decreased due to the reduced available flow space in the artery.   One would expect that with reduced blood flow the muscle tissue and foot size would shrink.  Interestingly, ankle blood pressure readings show that both right and left legs have approximately the same systolic and diastolic pressures.  However my right foot is growing in length.

Of course this doesn't make any sense.  But lots of things about Marfan Syndrome do not make sense.  Yet now I have to wear a size twelve sandal to accommodate my right foot while my left foot remains it's original size ten.

The only answer I can conceivably come up with is the right foot's connective tissue is breaking down causing my foot to elongate.  I have noticed a 'sprained' feeling in my foot and ankle area, one I've felt from time to time though all my life, and I have started wearing an ankle support recently.

So for now living with the mysteries of Marfan Syndrome continue.  I am glad to have the foot because walking helps keep my heart and cardiovascular system function from falling to too much of an insufficient level.

I will update what I find out about this curious result of my aortic dissection and Marfan Syndrome as I come across additional elongated foot information.

Thursday, April 25, 2013

Aorta Dissectes Unexpectedly, My Near Death Experience

Unexpectedly on November 29, 2011 my aorta dissected all the way from the valve in my heart up over the arch, down through my abdomen into my renal arteries, following my right iliac artery through my pelvic area into my leg and ending in my foot.  One great big ripping tear.

Home alone that evening with no one to turn to except for our dog, Lily, I had no idea what was happening as the initial acute momentous pain began to change into a deep chronic hurt after about ten minutes.  Walking into the master bedroom I sat down on the edge of the bed, slowly lowering myself back across the top quilt, hoping I was imagining the whole episode, not accepting the fact that control of my body was no longer mine, nor recognizing I had finally hurtled into a really big brick wall.

There was little doubt in my mind something bad was happening inside my chest.  My back felt as though it was being plummeted with a heavy wooden baseball bat, the bottom of my left jaw badly ached, I was dizzy and experiencing an intense headache.

For a brief moment I smiled, exhaling out an ever so slight chuckle, watching the slow spinning ceiling fan seemingly pull me into what I was imaging to be a long, dark vortex.   Day-dream like hypnotic trances are sometimes difficult to shake.  Traveling down into the swirl almost seemed like a relief, an opportunity to explore something different.  But my will to live has always been strong.  I set up and holding onto the edge of the bed and then the walls, moved out of the bedroom, down the hall into the kitchen where the Honda keys were hanging on the wall key bracket.

Four miles away stood the Memorial Hospital complex on the corner of Beach Blvd and University Drive.  Taking the first step out the door was becoming more difficult with each tick of the wall clock and I knew if I stayed at home Judy would probably find me cold lying stretched across the bed the next day.  I reached for the Honda keys.

Flipping on the back porch light, I stepped out and filled Lily's water and dog food bowl, telling her I'd be back soon.

The back route through the neighborhood was uneventful. Winter's stars twinkled brilliantly high in the sky.  Cool night air flowing through the half rolled down drivers door window temporarily renewed my labored breathing, lifting my spirit.  Praying for God to save me, I suspected a heart attack though could not reason how or why.

The trip to Memorial only took five precious minutes yet during those five ticks around the clock's face much of my adult life flashed back through my thoughts.

In my haste to fly through life I was truly neglecting my body's real needs.  In my rush to become the American success story I ended up deceiving myself into believing all the limited diet and intense exercise efforts were good for my body when in fact I was actually destroying it.

A twenty five pound dumbbell had for the longest time sat by the back door.  Each time I came into or left the house I'd pump the iron over my head believing the anaerobic muscle building would provide long term benefits.  After a bout with colon cancer in my early fifties I'd implemented a high fiber diet, daily partaking of the garden fresh hummus I'd make every day or so.

We cooked solely with olive oil and I believed the virgin liquid was going to be a major reason for my personal long term cardiovascular health.

Hard physical labor was no stranger to our household.  Judy was always working in the backyard vegetable garden.  I had just finished a marvelous green roof where I literally carried two tons of planting media up stairs, on my back, to the roof.  I looked good and felt even better.  Florida Trend magazine had just published an article on the trend setting Breaking Ground Contracting living roof.

Yet other issues were silently eating away at my body.

Physical, mental and emotional stress fed hypertension.  Each uptick in systolic or diastolic compromised bit by bit those hidden flaws in my Marfan body's arterial elasticity and cardiovascular structure.

But now, pulling into the Memorial Hospital's quiet parking lot, the truth shown brighter than the eerily buzzing tall evening halogen lights.  All the hurtling forward at breath-taking speeds through time and space to make a living, raise a family and get things done had really only shortened my life.

Unfortunately I pulled the Honda into the parking garage located at the far end of the health campus from the emergency room.  Always know where you should park with respect to the location of your local hospital's emergency room.  Trial runs in the car are a good idea before you find yourself in need to really seek emergency services.

I never figured out why 911 and an ambulance ride was not my first choice.  Perhaps my decision to drive was a subconscious decision consistent with stubborn attitude of doing everything myself.  Family 911 drills, without of course actually calling 911, are also probably a good idea.

The walk to the emergency room was slow and painful.  So many times I wanted to sit down and rest yet I kept walking, knowing that as soon as I sat down the end would come.  Turning another building corner the bright neon ER lights loomed just ahead and as I approached the automatic sliding doors a wave of relief flowed around and over me.

The nurse stationed behind the desk later told my wife I appeared white as a sheet, and barely speaking, clasping my chest, telling them I suspected a heart attack.  Memorial Hospital's staff on call that night included a young surgeon, Dr. Nathan Bates and his team and a CT scan quickly told them about my acute root to foot aortic dissection.

Hospital staff called Judy and began prepping me for surgical replacement of the aortic valve with a St. Jude mechanical device and then removal of the dissected ascending aortic arch and replacement with a Dacron graft.

During the eight hour surgery my heart was put on bypass and body temperature lowered to thirty four degrees fahrenheit.  Any doubts of life after death vanished once the operation was complete and deemed a success.  As I lay practically lifeless on the operating table my spirit, in very tangible form and awareness floated in the air above the doctors and nurses.  Cloaked in what I can only describe as immense love and comfort, the thoracic surgeon's procedure below was clearly visible.  I wasn't carrying anything with me that I'd accumulated in life and I wasn't even concerned much too much about anything I'd left behind.  I was very focused on the present moment and the pervasive loving warmth filling my new body.

Yet I only had a disconnected interest in the operation on my human body.  I was more curious of my new body, a spiritual body but one that was very real.  Immediately I knew that I'd be returning to the prostrate human form laying on the table.  Floating in the room my spiritual body kept bumping into the ceiling and floating back down towards my human form until I could move back away once more.  Hovering above the surgical team a brief wave of disappointment filled my thoughts.  Continuing the afterlife journey was not an option for me.  If I was supposed to die then I would have been able to move through the ceiling and on along my journey.

The warmth of eternal love held me throughout the entire procedure and in the end stood in stark contrast to waking up in the recovery room only to throw up volumes of fluid all over my chest.  Barfing never felt so good.

Subsequent to the initial operation my Dacron graft became infected with some type of unidentifiable fungus and I experienced holes in my chest, wound vacs taped to my chest, months of a pick line and daily IV antibiotic and antifungal sessions, additional surgeries to remove infections from around my heart, a permanently unstable sternum and an inoperable dissected descending aorta reaching into my renal and iliac arteries down to my foot.

We think we are boss of our cardiovascular system and for that matter most all other aspects of our physical body.  I know I did.  We imagine we can tell the body to do this and do that and to regenerate each time we are dietarily or lifestyle abusive.  We wrongly assume complete control over our body and think we know all things about how our bodies function when in fact only our sensory processes gives us a limited window of knowledge into our human functioning.

Our arteries may clog completely while we are unaware of the damage until an ischemic event.  Cancer may inflict many of our organs before we know of its' presence.  Alzheimer disease may establish a foothold in our brains many years prior to us exhibiting the first symptom of dementia.  On the grand scale of body knowledge, most of us really know very little.  'Out of sight, out of mind' has become our officially unrecognized health status motto.

All the diet and exercise improvements I had implemented over the previous few years were noble attempts to heal.  But the were too little and way too late.  I really wish I this blog had been available to me fifteen or twenty years ago.  Had I listened to my own words I plant to share here over time then maybe some of the pain could have been avoided.

Ted Rhodes, RN, was my home health care nurse and the person who saved my life by realizing the throbbing red knot on my chest was a serious infection and sent me to the surgeon's office.  Ted, though I'll never know if he seriously believed I'd heal or was just trying to be encouraging, one day told me that I'd be at the beach with my one more after healing progressed.  His much needed encouragement that day was one of the reasons I began to believe in the possibility of healing.

Today my hope is that by freely sharing the experiences I encountered, I might inspire others to embark on a an adventure of cardiovascular health.  Otherwise preventable chronic illnesses can turn an enjoyable middle or elder age into absolute misery.  Integrating a new life adventure, good food and peaceful spirituality can transform pain into supple, youthful bliss.   Follow my progress here and feel free to share your experiences too.  Life can be way too short.  Cardiovascular health is so important.

Tuesday, April 23, 2013

Reduce Blood Pressure & Aorta Dissection Occurence with Watermelon

Over time we will blog here about how many foods affect blood pressure.  Of course, the higher the systolic and diastolic readings, the more likely a myocardial infarction, ischemic event or dissection can occur.

Watermelon is easy to grow and supports cardiovascular health!


Keeping blood pressure below 120/ 70 should be a priority!  I like to see mine run 110/60, especially  with Marfan Syndrome and a completely dissected descending aorta.

Of course medications always help to keep blood pressure low, but I have found that by including watermelon in my diet it is much easier to reach those target metrics.  This is especially helpful if I am traveling and end up eating more processed or salty foods than I'd like to.

Besides, there is nothing better than an ice cold slice or chunk of watermelon.  Good for the kidneys too!

Check out an article about Florida State University's research into how watermelon reduces blood pressure here.

Monday, April 22, 2013

Marfan Syndrome, Physical Characteristics in the Family

The photo here shows my two wonderful teenage children, one in college already and the other active in High School.  According to the last echo-cardiogram both of their aortas are already beginning to dilate.

Marfan Syndrome physical characteristics
As a child I too was tall and lanky, with long fingers, long arms and legs and a thin-skinny build.  Though these physical characteristics are not always indicative of Marfan Syndrome, they may be.

I am glad that we now know of the connective tissue issues our family members experience.  Knowledge is important.  Understanding and tracking health issues associated with Marfan Syndrome can save lives.  Whereas I never know I had connective tissue problems until  my aorta dissected, we know the kids have these issues and we can address them before acute problems arise.

Some of the symptoms I regularly experienced as a child included; sprained wrists and ankles, collapsed arches, pulled back muscles, multiple hernia surgeries, stomach hernias and then finally a completely dissected and aneurysed aorta.

The National Marfan Foundation website is an excellent place to learn more about this health issue.

Education about the medical issues associated with Marfan is critically important.  Know what resources are available to help you or others who may suffer from potentially life threatening health problems arising from Marfan related problems.

I'll be posting more soon about my unexpected aortic dissection and how I've coped and what I hope to do, as my primary care physician says is my 'full time business' - to stay alive.

Thursday, February 14, 2013

Florida Green Roofs and Insulation Value

Do Florida Green Roofs provide insulation or not?  Good question.  There are several different perspectives on the topic.

One current belief is that green roofs may moderate roof temperature fluctuations, leveling out daily swings with respect to heat and cold.

Some of the data we have accumulated points to green roof soil media acting as a heat sink unless the soil is completely covered with shade from plants.


We've compiled data over the last year on how an Extensive Vegetated Roof absorbed and released solar energy (heat) over a twenty four hour cycle.

The roof under study is not insulated.  It has a tongue and groove pine deck with asphalt roll paper and asphalt shingles.  The interior was non-temperature (no heat or HVAC) controlled during the study periods.

The temperature measuring points were the exposed roof tongue and groove decking surfaces and consisted of multiple point averages.  Readings were taken with an EXTECH IR AN200 Unit.

The following illustrations depict a trend we've seen over and over.

The extensive vegetated roof systems absorb solar heat slower than asphalt roofing.  The extensive vegetated roof systems also retain the heat longer and then release the absorbed solar heat slower than asphalt roofing.

The linear trendlines for the temperature curves tell an important story also.  The ambient air temperature and the decking under the non-insulated asphalt shingle roof temperature possess more significant vertical trendline movements.

The temperature swings of the decking under the green roof are much more linear - showing a narrower range in temperature swings.

The data shown here is representative of spring, summer, autumn and winter with summer and winter having the more pronounced curves.

Importantly, we believe extensive green roofs, such as the one we are studying in this case, moderate temperature swings.

The data also points to the fact that green roofs serve as a heat sink, slowly absorbing solar heat during the daylight hours then slowly releasing the heat during the evening dark periods.

During the winter, green roofs may help by moderating cold temperatures at night by releasing heat back into the structure.  However if insulation separated the green roof from the structure then little or no heat would be recaptured unless a heat capture coil or other mechanism existed.

The inverse holds true for the summer.  During the day the green roof would moderate the solar heat gain to the structure by intercepting the solar radiation and absorbing it.  However at night, the green roof would radiate heat back into the structure, slowing the cooling process.

Again, if the roofs are insulated from the green roofs then there is no real benefit from a linear trendline perspective of sink and release.

We believe maybe this data points to the need for a method of harvesting the solar heat captured in the green roof during the day.  Potential capture processes could include water or silicon filled coils or tubes interwoven into the vegetated roof or other similar mechanical systems.

Harvesting the absorbed heat would allow for a more managed use of the solar heat resource.

We do believe that the notion of green roofs working to cool buildings should be more appropriately described as a moderating effect of absorption and slow release of solar heat.

Check out the range bars on the temperature curve chart to the left.

The green roof decking temperature has a much narrower temperature range.

Data points to the fact that green roofs absorb heat and quite a bit of it.

We always welcome your comments - feel free to email us anytime here.

Green roofs offer the potential to collect and harvest solar energy.  They may not be the cooling system we sometimes represent them to be.


Wednesday, February 13, 2013

Green Roofs Fight Cancer

Green roofs and living walls can help clean the air and allow us to breath easier.

Many geographic locations acros the globe have air contaminated with Volatile Organice Compounds also known as VOCs.
Green Roof plants remove cancer causing VOCs from the air
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are chemicals created by industrial pollution and automobile engines among other processes.  VOCs are the primary cause of Urban Smog.  

They are also responsible for the formation of cancers, respiratory problems and other serious health issues.

According to the US EPA, the Health Effects of VOCs include:

Eye, nose, and throat irritation; headaches, loss of coordination, nausea; damage to liver, kidney, and central nervous system. Some organics can cause cancer in animals; some are suspected or known to cause cancer in humans. Key signs or symptoms associated with exposure to VOCs include conjunctival irritation, nose and throat discomfort, headache, allergic skin reaction, dyspnea, declines in serum cholinesterase levels, nausea, emesis, epistaxis, fatigue, dizziness.

The ability of organic chemicals to cause health effects varies greatly from those that are highly toxic, to those with no known health effect. As with other pollutants, the extent and nature of the health effect will depend on many factors including level of exposure and length of time exposed. Eye and respiratory tract irritation, headaches, dizziness, visual disorders, and memory impairment are among the immediate symptoms that some people have experienced soon after exposure to some organics. At present, not much is known about what health effects occur from the levels of organics usually found in homes. Many organic compounds are known to cause cancer in animals; some are suspected of causing, or are known to cause, cancer in humans.

For more health information on VOCs from the EPA click here. 

According to a new study - one confirming what we already know - plants -  - clean these harmful VOCs out of the air.   Read about the study in a National Science Foundation Article here.

This study makes it clear that it is especially important to have as many plants inside your building or home as the levels of VOCs inside a structure can be up to ten times the ambient levels outside.

Plants act as filters for air and rainfall, actually removing and utilizing harmful nitrogen.  They also remove carbon from the atmosphere by using CO2 to produce much needed energy compounds and then plants pump oxygen back into the atmosphere.

As we are bombarded with pollutants each day, in our water and in the air - installing interior living walls, exterior vertical green - green roofs and living walls, Urban Permaculture - City Gardens, wildflowers and trees - can pay off with significant benefits.

Ultimately, we may live longer.  Ultimately, we may beat the odds with cancer or respiratory diseases.

Restoring Volumetric Green to the Urban Core is critical.  Today, go out and plant a seed or a grown plant.  Bring another inside.  Hang plants from your patio walls and your kitchen window.  Keep plants in your home.  Install a green roof.

Green roofs and living walls - cleaning stormwater, creating habitat, providing a sense of place and beauty and - importantly - fighting disease by removing pollutants!

Surround yourself with plants today.  You may breath better and live longer. 

Remember, the benefits of adding volumetric green to the Urban Core include;

  • Cleaning Rainfall runoff and stormwater
  • Providing wildlife habitat
  • Supporting biodiversity
  • Creating habitat for endangered plants
  • Integrated pest management - supporting pest consuming invertebrates and amphibians
  • Noise insulation
  • Reducing Heat Island effect
  • Creating a Sense of Place and Landscape Beauty
  • and more

Tuesday, February 12, 2013

Easy Florida Living Wall

Yesterday we posted a note about a struggling living wall.  Yet living walls, if planned properly, can be easy too.

Ficus punila, living wall Tallahassee

Florida Living Wall, Low maintenance 
Living walls such as those pictured here provide many benefits, including; stormwater attenuation, urban heat island effect mitigation, carbon sequestration, air purification, beauty and wildlife habitat.

This particular wall provides a home to a large population of our native Florida Anoles.  Florida Anoles need vertical green above one meter or so to escape the larger, more predatory Cuban Anole and themselves are an important pest control species as their diet includes flies, roaches and other bugs.

Creeping fig, ficus pumila is a drought tolerant vine and although it is not a Floria native it does not exhibit significant invasive characteristics.  More information on the creeping fig vine is available on the UF IFAS website here.

The vine is planted in urban soils amended with organic matter at the base of a concrete wall surrounding the gasoline station.

Soil preparation is crucial when considering a living wall.

Monday, February 11, 2013

Living Wall Update, Whole Foods, Jacksonville

One year ago, during February 2012 we examined in a post dying 'living walls' across the Whole Foods store in Jacksonville, proposing the theory of inadequate soil makeup as the primary reason for the living wall plant's poor performance.
Whole Foods 'living wall', Jacksonville

Briefly examining the site history led us to realize that another concrete block building, including a foundation and concrete floor existed prior to the present building. The site soils were what we would characterize as Urban Soils with abnormally high pH levels.
Whole Foods 'living wall', Jacksonville

Our post recommended removing some of the existing soil and amending the planters with rich organic laden soil.
Urban Soil fill existing planters

The Whole Foods living wall structures are quite expensive, a high-end stainless steel wall system appearing to be a CarlStahl Decorcable design.
Expensive, high-end living wall system

It is a shame these beautiful living wall frames are not covered with brilliant blooming Passiflora, Trumpet Vine, Coral Honeysuckle, Carolina jessamine and other beautiful landscape or native vines.
Instead, today wisteria (a relatively invasive species) is struggling to maintain even a small bit of coverage on the facade of the building. Fertilizers do appear to have been added, providing for a short lived spurt of growth in some areas.

I suspect that a stunning array of flowering vines doing very well on the trellis system would actually increase sales at the store. Paradoxically, the 'puny' vines send a message of 'unhealthyness' across the entire facade of the health foods store.

Our suggestion still stands. Remove as much of the high pH Urban Soils as possible and replace with a higher organic matter content soil. Add soil pH stabilizers. Remove the wisteria and other plants not suited for the site and add those species destined to thrive in the existing planters.

Next year the Whole Foods store could be well on it's way to a vibrant series of living walls, or....... the topic of yet again another post like this one.

Friday, February 8, 2013

Awesome Stormwater Drainage Filtration (Plants of Course!)

Though native species would have been better than grasses, I am still awarding the designer of the below stormwater collection system an A+ for common sense.
Grass filters stormwater before entering collection system
Grasses planted around the stormwater drain grate will effectively filter out most pollutants, sequestering many in their biomass, before the runoff enters the collection system and heads to our lakes and rivers.

If this application were used worldwide for stormwater then we'd be taking a dramatic step towards clean water.

Kudos to the unknown designer!

Florida Green Roof Plants in Action

Lovely photo of an older green roof in Jacksonville ( 8+ years old ).  Note this roof is nature irrigated only and has survived several Tropical Storms, one with 23 inches ( 58 cm ) rainfall.  The roof has a 5/12 slope.
Lightweight Green Roof over sloped decking and asphalt shingles
Notice that I cut out a square of the Green Roof mat to examine the underlying waterproof barrier.   In doing so I removed the outside perimeter edges.  It is important to note that raw edges should never be left exposed to wind damage potential.

The entire system live loaded weighs less than ten pounds per square foot.

Green Roofs constructed on large commercial or institutional buildings are important, however just as important are those residential applications where existing asphalt shingles and sloped roofs can be incorporated.

Saturday, February 2, 2013

Marfan Dissection and My St Jude Aortic Valve

Along with the Dacron Graft I received a St. Jude valva.  Below is a photo of the specific model that keeps me alive.  The surgeon, Dr. Bates told me later he could have used a pig valve but since I was younger at the time he used the metal valve.  Supposedly it is rated to last ten thousand years.
My St. Jude aortic valve and Dacron Graft!

Green Roof Plants, Frost Damage to Certain CAM Plants

In earlier posts, we examined the damage frost can do to the mesophyll cells of C3 plants. Mesophyll cells are those cells across the surface of the leaf. C3 plants usually possess lots of stomata and C3 photosynthesis is a quick and rapid process, allowing C3 plants to grow rapidly, filling in a green roof.

In C4 and CAM plants photosynthesis occurs in a different manner with different cells. Today we will briefly examine one aspect of CAM plants and look at damage incurred by freezing temperatures.

Many CAM Plants, such as some sedum may die back to their roots upon experiencing a frost, others die completely.  There are some CAM plants however, in the genus Yucca and similar genus who can survive mild freezes.

CAM stands for Crassulacean acid metabolism. CAM plants generally have stomata adapted to open at night and not during the day, preserving water during hot periods or drought. Many plants living in arid ecosystems are CAM plants and can be recognized by smaller leaves with a higher leaf volume ratio (fat, fleshy leaves where water is stored in vacuoles), waxy leaf surfaces, sunken stomata areas. 

Examples of CAM plants popular in Florida include;
  • Pineapple
  • Jade Plant
  • Euphorbias
  • Sansevierias
  • Aloes and others
Green Roof CAM Plant, Graptopetalum spp.

 The photo to the left is of a Mexican Ghost plant, many of us call a sedum, however it is really a not really a sedum but a Graptopetalum.

For an informative article with many reference links about CAM and Graptopetalum, see the blog post linked here.

Many succulents such as the Mexican Ghost plant and others can endure a little frost, though some of the more tropical varieties are tender to any type of frost damage.

However unlike C3 and C4 plants, many CAM plants store water in cells called vacuoles.  I call vacuoles 'smart blobs'.  Vacuoles are storage cells used for a number of plant physiological purposes.  In CAM plants vacuoles are used to store water and other photosynthesis related substances like the carbon dioxide.

Green Roof Plant, CAM Type After Hard Dreeze, Graptopetalum spp.
As mentioned, most CAM plants have thicker leaves - because of the presence of the stored water.  We have collected data over the years showing how the Mexican Ghost plant and other similar succulents survive minor frosts yet because of the expansion of water as it freezes, their cells rupture and the plant usually dies during a hard freeze.

Water stored in the vacuoles and other parts of the succulent's leaves expands as the temperature drops into the lower 20'S F (-6 to -8C).  As the stored fluid freezes and expands in size the vacuole wall and other cells rupture, injuring or killing the plants.

Though this phenomena can be observed across the green roof, it is especially prevalent in plants along the edges of the green roof.

CAM type succulents planted along green roof edges are exposed to unbroken cold, dry winds.  However within the interior of the green roof plantings we observe less freezing damage, probably due to stored heat in the planting media and the break from constant winds.

What lessons can we learn from the Mexican Ghost plant and freezing temperatures?  Many, including plant placement on a green roof and inter-relations between C3, C4 and CAM type plants.   We will discuss some of the hardier CAM plants in a future blog.

Friday, February 1, 2013

Green Roof & Living Wall Plants and Wind Exposure

Wind can seriously impact the long term survival of Green Roof and Living Wall plants.

Included here are two photos of the same black-eye pea plants growing on Green Roofs (Rooftop Garden).  

One is on a wind protected green roof, the other is on a wind exposed green roof.  Note the wind burn on the wind exposed roof plants.

Both looked the same prior to the 48 hour wind storm just leaving.

We recorded between 10 and 20 Km/Hr winds on a continual basis for the 48 hours with almost non-existent water vapor or air humidity.  Winds of these speeds will draw most, if not all of the water out of a Green Roof plant. 

Florida Green Roof, Wind Protected Green Roof Plants

Florida Green Roof, Wind Exposed Green Roof Plants


Wind can burn or kill green roof plants quickly, taking an otherwise beautiful planting and turning into a brown mess within a matter of days.  Even with more than adequate irrigation water applied - simply because the vascular system of the plants cannot keep up with the demand for water in the leaves. 

Proper Green Roof and Living Wall plant selection involves knowledge of how a plant physiologically interacts with wind stresses.

In windy areas, CAM plants and those plants with stomata remaining closed or closing under lack of water conditions must be used as perimeter wind break plants on green roofs with out parapets or other wind protection if the green roof is not otherwise sheltered.

Understand the different types of photosynthesis green roof plants have.  For a primer, check out the many articles we have posted before on CAM, C4 and C3 plants.

Other helpful sites are included here;

Great Irish Gardening blog article on wind damage in Ireland to garden plants.

North Carolina State University has another brief yet informative note on wind desiccation of plants.

Very interesting and informative Permaculture Wind Break Site.

Remember, your green roof site may receive plenty or precipitation or irrigation water, but if it is constantly exposed to desiccating winds the plants will experience the effects of wind damage.

Tuesday, January 29, 2013

Low Cost Greenhouse for Green Roof Plants or Urban Core Permaculture

We are now proud owners of a low cost, easy to build greenhouse in our Urban Core backyard.

Low Cost Seed Starting & Green Roof Plant Greenhouse
Greenhouses are so very useful in starting seeds, rooting cuttings, potting up plants and providing warm weather plants a head start on the growing season.
Greenhouse's interior includes areas for potting plants, storing soil media, supplies and plants
Greenhouses though can be terribly expensive when purchased as kits.

Our greenhouse above is eight feet wide and twenty eight feet in length.  Height in the center is ten feet.  This gives us plenty of room to move around, store supplies and start seeds.

Growing areas are also added under some of the shelves and in a growing extension to the right of the front door.  Plans for this growing area include tomatoes and peppers.  Plastic can be added over the hoops if our Florida nighttime temperatures drop too low.

Cost for the entire structure was less than two hundred dollars.  Much of the material used was recycled from other construction projects or salvaged from neighborhood throwaways.
The greenhouse beginning, a frame from recycled fence components
The greenhouse project was begun by hammering used fence posts into the ground and adding horizontal shelf framing, all fastened together with plastic wire ties.
DIY Greenhouse Frame detail
Grey plastic electrical conduit (one could use bamboo) was inserted into the top opening of the fence posts, 'looped' over to the opposite side of the greenhouse and inserted into the post on the far side wall.  The grey electrical conduit costs less than two dollars for a ten foot section and lasts for many years in outdoor service.
Greenhouse frame ready for plastic covering
Finally, four or six mil plastic was added over the hoop rafters, shadecloth added to one end and lattice around the bottom edge.

The entire structure is held together with electrical zip ties.  Our other greenhouses we've built similar to the above have easily survived numerous tropical storms.

Grapes are now planted to several areas around the base of the structure.  Grapes will help cool the greenhouse in the summer and when their leaves drop, allow for solar heat to fill the growing area during winter.

Greenhouses don't have to be expensive to be functional.  Once the coral honeysuckle, grapes and other vines weave their tendrils into the lattice work, pollinators should come in droves.

Hoop architecture with inexpensive conduit has proven itself year in and year out.

DIY greenhouses can add wonderful opportunities to any urban core permaculture efforts!






Thursday, January 10, 2013

Harvesting Fog and Dew for Drinking Water and Vegetable Garden Irrigation

With natural water supplies drying up and disappearing and areas affected by drought increasing in acreage every day, learning how to harvest all available atomized water from the air is important.

Alternative forms of irrigation for green roofs and living walls can sometimes be the primary irrigation source for rooftop plants.  We use air conditioning condensate and dew catchers on many of the green roofs we design.

This morning our lanai screen was covered in water droplets though there was not a cloud anywhere to be seen in the sky, a reminder of the available irrigation potential.

Dew available for Green Roof Irrigation

Additionally, a quick early morning walk through the garden offered up the opportunity to see dew droplets all across the vegetable leaves and other plants.
Dew available for irrigation in the garden

Dew can be an important source of 'free' irrigation.  Learning how to harvest the condensed water vapor is easy, as humans have been tapping this resource for ages.

Check out the TreeHugger article here for an informative look at how dew catchers provide drinking and irrigation water to some of Peru's underdeveloped areas.

Then check out an amazing YouTube video showing the construction of a DIY dew catcher!

Always consider dew as an irrigation source when designing vertical green in the Urban Core.

Friday, January 4, 2013

Extreme Rooftop and Roadside Micro-Biodiversity

Sometimes we can't see the forest for the trees.

US1 Highway, Flagler County
 
Sometimes we can't see the forest for the rooftops

 

Breaking Ground Rooftop
Nature can teach us so many things about biodiversity. With a little bit of wild seed source, always available from bird droppings and wind currents, Her wildflowers thrive even where most don't notice.

The Green Roof shown above has over fifty different plant families represented, well as hundreds of genus and species. Native plants, food plants and wildflowers flourish, providing habitat for insects and wildlife.

Mother Nature knows how to care for her own, even along roadsides and above rooftops.

Take a look at the very first photo in the post here. First glance portrays a lonely FDOT rights of way with grass and a few skinny looking pine trees. But in reality the biodiversity here is exponentially greater than the Breaking Ground Contracting Green Roof with hundreds of plant genus occurring across the plantings.

When I see a wet swale such as the remnant pine flatwoods alongside a highway, adrenalin surges through my veins, working against the beta-blockers I take to protect the smooth muscles of my heart from Marfan Syndrome damage. Even in the dead of winter I know this place will be a living jungle, a damp, rainforest-like wilderness zoo of exotic plants and wildlife.

Advanced Biodiversity May Not Always Be Visible
Take another look at the photo. How many species are visible?

Clearly there are pines and mowed grass. Yet the open canopy, sandy nutrient poor soil and high water table come together to provide another, barely visible micro-world full of amazing plants and wildlife.

And I knew that as sure as driving by the other day, I'd be back with cane and camera. One of these days I really am going to invent a more friendly swamp hiking cane or walker for hobblers like myself.

So camera in hand I came back and sat down with the tape measure to find out what was really growing on a one square meter of otherwise barren looking roadside. The richness in biodiversity was mind boggling, for growing under the mower's blade height were tiny wildflowers, unusual native grasses and a host of carnivorous plants.

Nature abhors monocultures of anything. As soon as we try to straighten and organize the landscape, She is at work dropping seed source and encouraging complex communities exhibiting intense interactivity and preforming endless important functions. Tidy gardens, neatly planted green roofs and organized landscapes such as the mowed roadside have little significance in Her quest to create fields of biodiversity. Plant a neat row of flowers and in one month she will have planted and sprouted ten times the varieties of plants in the same row.

As I sat on the damp sandy soil looking across the extreme micro biodiversity I noticed my shorts were wicking up some of the plentiful surface moisture, creating a damp cooling effect, calming my excitement generated adrenalin flashes. But with the winter sun quickly fleeing towards the western horizon I knew my task of identifying all the plant species in a one meter square would be impossible in one afternoon's brief time. In fact, it'd probably take an eternity to just begin to understand the living complexity of the habitat lying before me.

Though a few of the photos are included showing all the wonderful plants, I've saved a surprise for the last.

The meter square bit of sandy soil provided a habitat for many plants.

Florida Native Wildflower, Bantam Buttons, Syngonanthus flavidulus, Flagler County, January 2012
Though not blooming, the beautiful rosette of Bantam Button's leaves covered the ground as far as I could see.

Vanilla Plant, Carphephorus odoratissimus, Florida Native Wildflower, Flagler County, January 2013
Beautiful and fragrant vanilla plant, Carphephorus odoratissimus bloomed profusely even though cut and stunted by maintenance mower's blade, growing side by side with mosses and sundew.

Vanilla Plant, Carphephorus odoratissimus, Florida Native Wildflower, Flagler County, January 2013
Coinwort, Centella erecta added interesting colors and textures while cleaning the water and providing nutritious forage.

Florida Native Carnivorous Wildflower Butterwort
Florida Native Carnivorous Wildflower Butterwort
The carnivorous plant genus, Butterwort, Pinguicula contributed to the one meter biodiversity as well as different species of Florida's native grass, Panicum.

Though at first I thought I'd discovered a great surprise in the small, unusual shaped flower above the tiny little sundew, further examination revealed what I'd expected. The yellow flower belonged to another Florida carnivorous plant genus commonly known as Bladderworts. This particular bladderwort, Utricularia juncea, also known as Southern Bladderwort, present a single thin thread-like stem growing upwards through a stunningly brilliant pink sundew, Drosera capillaris. Two intertwined carnivorous plants, thriving in a seemingly visual desert.

Florida Native Carnivorous plants, sundew and bladderwort
Nature' complexity is mind-boggling. But then She gave me my real surprise. Reviewing and enlarging the photos on my Canon LCD I noted what I thought was a speck of trash, and there was that annoying feeling of 'must clean the lens and reshoot'. It is hard enough for me to position myself to take the photo the first time. But this was no speck of trash. For on the tiny, barely visible bladderwort stem were even smaller, newborn green tree frogs. I was speechless.

The barren stretch of rights of way was really a jungle of rich biodiversity.

Think you can create a nice little, orderly singular row of flowers or parch of grass? Think again. Nature plays by Her own rules.

Newly hatched green tree frogs take refuge on a bladderwort stem