Green Roofs & Frost - We had frost in Jacksonville last night!

I think this climate change is kicking into high gear!  I can't remember a frost this early in the season - especially along the Atlantic Ocean but we have on this morning.

Frost on my #green roof heirba buena this am

So with frost comes a host of new green roof issues here in Florida.  Of course you can take the boring way out and just be happy with a dead roof for half of the year.

Or you can use those plants capable of surviving hard freezes and our torrent summers.

I prefer the later - year round green and color.  Costs the same.   Looks much better than brown mushy bah.

One of the issues we learned over the years centered around frost bacteria.  Certain bacteria can cause premature frosts on a roof at higher temperatures and then others can depress frost formation until significantly lower temperatures are reached.

Sounds like cool information for a gren roof designer.  So I'm cutting and pasting here an excerpt from a previous years Pseudomonas post (the thing about SnoMax is too cool!).

Green Roofs behave differently in the cold seasons here in Florida and the Southeastern U.S..  Because cold weather will be here soon, I am re-posting an article from two years ago (December 2008) about bacteria, green roof plants and frost.  Enjoy!.........   Also - Check out the follow-up Pseudomonas blog post here.

In general, plants used in exterior living walls appear to be more resilient to cold than those flat on the ground. Dismantling one of my oldest walls last night, I was amazed to see one of the cactus plants, Disocactus flagelliformis, not only survive the cold but thrive. Amazingly, most of the literature on the web specifies a minimum temperature of 50 degrees F and clearly warns against frost exposure. Last year we experienced several nights in the low twenties. However the cactus keeps on growing.

With my curiosity peaked, I researched frost, cold and plants on Google trying to sort through the thermodynamics of air movement, heat and cold transfer and the five different types of frost. It seems that as the ground layer of air cools, the warm air rises. So the vertical positioned plants on the wall could actually be several degrees warmer than those plants on the ground. There are several interesting stories of how orange grove owners use helicopters to keep warm air blown back down into orchards in California on occasional nights with freezing temperatures or where frost may become a threat.

Additionally and to my surprise I read where many plants on the ground support epiphytc bacteria growth of Pseudomonas bacteria, a gram negative bacteria that also acts as an ice nucelator. From the available literature it seems that the presence of ice-positive Pseudomonas can actually cause ice/frost to form on the plant surface. Frost damages the epithelial layer, in many instances killing the plant.

There is a ice-minus strain of Pseudomonas also, a mutant bacteria that also occurs naturally that does not possess the ice formation encouraging mechanism that its non-mutant sibling possesses.

Leave it to capitalism to go figure out how to profit on these two types of bacteria. SnoMax - made by Johnson Controls - see SnoMax's website, is a product made from the ice-plus variety and is used for making snow! On the other hand, FrostBan - see article - creates a crop resilient to frost. FrostBan was the subject of many GMO battles during the 1980's and early 1990's.

I don't have the testing equipment to see if my Disocactus cactus had the ice-minus Pseudomonas, or if the plant growing vertically with excellent air flow had just avoided the dispersal of common Pseudomonas.

But the fact that it survives the cold and continues to grow on the wall is another piece in the green roof and green wall plant database we are all developing.

Amazing stuff.